Hope for Scottish seabirds?
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After two decades of declines there are early signs of hope for some seabirds, according to the latest seabird indicator for Scotland published by Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH).
The SNH indicator uses information collected from the Seabird Monitoring Programme, and shows that if the trend continues, it could lead to some declines slowing and perhaps even reversing in some areas. Scotland’s seabirds are of international importance and their numbers may change due to a range of factors including food availability, weather, predation and pollution.
Looking at the number of chicks produced can give an indication of how seabirds have fared in 2014 and 2015. Overall, the number of Puffin chicks produced in 2014-15 was slightly higher than the long-term average. Similar results were recorded for some other seabirds such as Herring Gull and Little Tern, although populations are now lower than when results were first collected in 1986.
Although the long-term declines are serious, the 2014-15 results are encouraging. On the Isle of May, the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH) has been researching seabirds since 1972, and have found that 2015 was above average for all study species, with Kittiwake and Shag having a particularly productive breeding season. This was the second consecutive year of high breeding success for Kittiwake after a number of poor years.
SNH marine ornithologist Glen Tyler said: “We’re hopeful that the success of Puffins and some other seabirds in certain areas means their fortunes are looking up, but it’s really too early to say for sure. There’s continued work to combat some of the pressures on seabirds – for example, by controlling non-native predators. The Scottish Government’s Marine Bill also includes measures to improve marine nature conservation to safeguard and protect Scotland’s unique habitats."
Mark Newell from CEH, who manages long-term seabird research on the Isle of May, added: “The last few winters have seen a return to slightly cooler winter sea temperatures in the North Sea which is thought to have been beneficial to the development of sand eels, the preferred prey of many of the seabirds. These are encouraging signs as shown by the improved breeding success in the last few years on the Isle of May NNR. However, it is not universally good news as demonstrated by recent winter wrecks of Shags and auks.”
The new report follows the latest Birds of Conservation Concern (BoCC) publication in December 2015, which names Puffins, Shags, Arctic Skua, Kittiwakes and Herring Gulls as 'Red-listed' species, indicating an increasing level of conservation concern.
Breeding success varied among the 13 species assessed by SNH. It was higher than the long-term (1986 to 2013) average for seven species: Arctic Skua, Puffin, Kittiwake, Common Tern, Herring Gull, Little Tern and Northern Gannet. Three species had lower breeding success than the long-term average: Great Skua, Lesser Black-backed Gull and Sandwich Tern. Finally, three species had breeding success in 2014 around the long-term average: Arctic Tern, Common Guillemot and Northern Fulmar.
The overall numbers of seabirds are still much lower than a couple of decades ago, and some species continue to decline in certain areas, such as Kittiwake in the Northern Isles. Also affecting seabird populations were the stormy winters during 1993-94, 2004-05 and 2012-13, which resulted in large ‘wrecks’ along the east coast of Scotland, depleting breeding stock.
From 1986 to 2014, the mean numbers of 12 species of breeding seabirds in Scotland has declined overall by 38 per cent. The largest declines have been for Arctic Skua, declining by 80 per cent from 1986 levels, Kittiwake (71 per cent) and Shag (54 per cent). Black Guillemot largely remained stable over the period 1986 to 2014, with recent surveys showing that some sites even have increasing numbers.
This seabird indicator was prepared using data from the Seabird Monitoring Programme – a partnership project, led and co-ordinated by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) involving a range of conservation partners.
The SNH indicator uses information collected from the Seabird Monitoring Programme, and shows that if the trend continues, it could lead to some declines slowing and perhaps even reversing in some areas. Scotland’s seabirds are of international importance and their numbers may change due to a range of factors including food availability, weather, predation and pollution.
Looking at the number of chicks produced can give an indication of how seabirds have fared in 2014 and 2015. Overall, the number of Puffin chicks produced in 2014-15 was slightly higher than the long-term average. Similar results were recorded for some other seabirds such as Herring Gull and Little Tern, although populations are now lower than when results were first collected in 1986.
Although the long-term declines are serious, the 2014-15 results are encouraging. On the Isle of May, the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH) has been researching seabirds since 1972, and have found that 2015 was above average for all study species, with Kittiwake and Shag having a particularly productive breeding season. This was the second consecutive year of high breeding success for Kittiwake after a number of poor years.
SNH marine ornithologist Glen Tyler said: “We’re hopeful that the success of Puffins and some other seabirds in certain areas means their fortunes are looking up, but it’s really too early to say for sure. There’s continued work to combat some of the pressures on seabirds – for example, by controlling non-native predators. The Scottish Government’s Marine Bill also includes measures to improve marine nature conservation to safeguard and protect Scotland’s unique habitats."
Mark Newell from CEH, who manages long-term seabird research on the Isle of May, added: “The last few winters have seen a return to slightly cooler winter sea temperatures in the North Sea which is thought to have been beneficial to the development of sand eels, the preferred prey of many of the seabirds. These are encouraging signs as shown by the improved breeding success in the last few years on the Isle of May NNR. However, it is not universally good news as demonstrated by recent winter wrecks of Shags and auks.”
The new report follows the latest Birds of Conservation Concern (BoCC) publication in December 2015, which names Puffins, Shags, Arctic Skua, Kittiwakes and Herring Gulls as 'Red-listed' species, indicating an increasing level of conservation concern.
Breeding success varied among the 13 species assessed by SNH. It was higher than the long-term (1986 to 2013) average for seven species: Arctic Skua, Puffin, Kittiwake, Common Tern, Herring Gull, Little Tern and Northern Gannet. Three species had lower breeding success than the long-term average: Great Skua, Lesser Black-backed Gull and Sandwich Tern. Finally, three species had breeding success in 2014 around the long-term average: Arctic Tern, Common Guillemot and Northern Fulmar.
The overall numbers of seabirds are still much lower than a couple of decades ago, and some species continue to decline in certain areas, such as Kittiwake in the Northern Isles. Also affecting seabird populations were the stormy winters during 1993-94, 2004-05 and 2012-13, which resulted in large ‘wrecks’ along the east coast of Scotland, depleting breeding stock.
From 1986 to 2014, the mean numbers of 12 species of breeding seabirds in Scotland has declined overall by 38 per cent. The largest declines have been for Arctic Skua, declining by 80 per cent from 1986 levels, Kittiwake (71 per cent) and Shag (54 per cent). Black Guillemot largely remained stable over the period 1986 to 2014, with recent surveys showing that some sites even have increasing numbers.
This seabird indicator was prepared using data from the Seabird Monitoring Programme – a partnership project, led and co-ordinated by the Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) involving a range of conservation partners.
