Golden Eagle returns to breed at rewilded Highland estate

A pair of Golden Eagles has successfully reared a chick in an artificial nest at Trees for Life's flagship Dundreggan rewilding estate in Glenmoriston, between Loch Ness and Skye – the first known breeding at the Highland site for 40 years.

The eagle chick flew from the nest for the first time in early August – some five years after a Trees for Life team and renowned conservationist Roy Dennis, of the Roy Dennis Wildlife Foundation, set up an artifical eyrie at a prime location to entice the birds of prey back.

There was no certainty the project would work – Golden Eagles build their own nests in remote and inaccessible places, and are highly sensitive to disturbance. And, although the species is regularly seen over Dundreggan, there had until now been no sign of them nesting or setting up a territory.

"This is a rewilding success story beyond our wildest dreams. I've been checking the eyrie regularly since we built it in 2015, hoping to see evidence that the eagles had returned – and now they have. As golden eagles may use their nesting sites for generations, we're hoping they are back for the long-term," said Doug Gilbert, Trees for Life's Dundreggan Manager.

"Four decades without Golden Eagles breeding or establishing themselves in this part of our wild and beautiful Highland glen has been four decades too long.

"When we built the artificial nest, we knew it was in a good location for eagles because we found the remains of an old nest at the site. We've been keeping our fingers crossed for the past five years, and it's wonderful that our efforts have paid off like this."

Golden Eagle has nested at Dundreggan rewilding estate for the first time in 40 years (Mark Hamblin).

Golden Eagle is the UK's second-largest bird of prey. Although native to many parts of Britain, centuries of persecution saw it driven to extirpation in England and Wales by the mid-1800s. Although pair arrived in the Lake District from Scotland in the late 1950s, this dynasty came to and end in 2016, when the last remaining male died (the last female perished in 2004).

The bird has been making a slow recovery in Scotland – though continues to be threatened by illegal persecution, with annual reports of eagles being shot, poisoned or having their eggs stolen. The fourth national Golden Eagle survey, published in 2016, showed that Scotland's population of the birds had increased to 508 pairs, a rise of 15% since the previous survey in 2003.

Highland Raptor Study Group member and eagle expert Stuart Benn said: "This is terrific news – the first time Golden Eagles have definitely bred at Dundreggan since 1980. Eagles are undergoing a marked expansion in the Highlands just now, recolonising ground they haven't been on for many years and even colonising some completely new areas."

With a massive decline in wildlife over recent decades leaving Britain one of the world's most nature-depleted countries, the return of such apex predators – which humans have either driven to extinction or left facing a precarious future – can play a key role in helping nature get back on its feet, including by ensuring a fully functioning food chain.

Trees for Life has been rewilding Dundreggan – including by protecting and expanding fragments of the Caledonian Forest – since its 2008 purchase of the 10,000-acre former deer-stalking estate.

This has included restoring Golden Eagle-friendly mountaintop forests of tough, waist-high trees, such as dwarf birch and downy willow. Known as 'montane' species because they can grow near mountain summits despite harsh conditions, these once-common woodlands are now rare in Scotland following centuries of overgrazing by sheep and deer.

A marked rise in Black Grouse numbers as habitats have recovered has also probably helped the eagles in their breeding attempt, as these are favourite prey for eagles.

In June, Trees for Life lodged a detailed planning application with Highland Council for the world's first rewilding centre at Dundreggan, which it plans to open in 2022. The charity expects to welcome over 50,000 visitors annually – allowing people to explore the wild landscapes, discover Gaelic culture, and learn about the region's unique wildlife.

Find out more at www.treesforlife.org.uk.